哲学家

John Toland

1670 - 1722

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约翰·托兰德（英語：John Toland，1670年11月30日—1722年3月11日），是一位爱尔兰理性主义哲学家和自由思想家。他写了许多关于政治哲学和宗教哲学的书籍和小册子，这些都是启蒙时代哲学的早期表达。他出生于爱尔兰，曾在爱丁堡大学、萊頓大學和牛津大学接受教育，并受到约翰·洛克哲学的影响。 托兰德批判笛卡尔的哲学，主张物体有广延性，也有内在的能动性，并认为这是物质的本质属性。 在维基百科上阅读更多

他的传记在维基百科上提供 38 种语言版本（较 2024 年的 37 种增加）。John Toland在最受欢迎的哲学家中排名第419位（较 2024 年的第447位上升），在爱尔兰人物传记中排名第57位（较 2019 年的第48位下降），并在最受欢迎的爱尔兰哲学家中排名第4位。

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Among 哲学家

Among 哲学家, John Toland ranks 419 out of 1,267. Before him are Leszek Kołakowski, Bharadwaja, Francis Hutcheson, Alain de Benoist, Adolf von Harnack, and Masanobu Fukuoka. After him are Yi Hwang, Étienne Gilson, Gargi Vachaknavi, Dong Zhongshu, Timon of Phlius, and Michael J. Sandel.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1670, John Toland ranks 6. Before him are Augustus II the Strong, Giovanni Bononcini, Bernard Mandeville, Antonio Caldara, and Turlough O'Carolan. After him are Maria Margaretha Kirch, Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, Rajaram I, Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken. Among people deceased in 1722, John Toland ranks 5. Before him are Kangxi Emperor, Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Bartholomew Roberts. After him are Johann Kuhnau, Pierre Varignon, Johann Adam Reincken, Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, Adriaen van der Werff, Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins, and Claude Gillot.

Others Born in 1670

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In 爱尔兰

Among people born in 爱尔兰, John Toland ranks 57 out of NaN. Before him are Brendan Gleeson (1955), Brian Cowen (1960), John Flanagan (1873), Ernest Walton (1903), Turlough O'Carolan (1670), and Columba (521). After him are Terry Wogan (1938), Conor McGregor (1988), Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (1865), Bono (1960), Rory Gallagher (1948), and Maureen O'Hara (1920).

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Among 哲学家 In 爱尔兰

Among 哲学家 born in 爱尔兰, John Toland ranks 4. Before him are George Berkeley (1685), John Scotus Eriugena (810), and G. E. M. Anscombe (1919). After him are James Ussher (1581), William Thompson (1775), and Philip Pettit (1945).

爱尔兰人 born 哲学家

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