PHILOSOPHER

John Toland

1670 - 1722

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John Toland (30 November 1670 – 11 March 1722) was an Irish rationalist philosopher and freethinker, and occasional satirist, who wrote numerous books and pamphlets on political philosophy and philosophy of religion, which are early expressions of the philosophy of the Age of Enlightenment. Born in Ireland, he was educated at the universities of Glasgow, Edinburgh, Leiden and Oxford and was influenced by the philosophy of John Locke. His first, and best known work, Christianity Not Mysterious (1696), opposed hierarchy in both church and state. In Ireland, copies were burned by the public hangman, and he was forced to flee the country never to return. Read more on Wikipedia

His biography is available in different languages on Wikipedia. John Toland is the 419th most popular philosopher (up from 447th in 2019), the 57th most popular biography from Ireland (down from 48th in 2019) and the 4th most popular Irish Philosopher.

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Among PHILOSOPHERS

Among philosophers, John Toland ranks 419 out of 1,267. Before him are Leszek Kołakowski, Bharadwaja, Francis Hutcheson, Alain de Benoist, Adolf von Harnack, and Masanobu Fukuoka. After him are Yi Hwang, Étienne Gilson, Gargi Vachaknavi, Dong Zhongshu, Timon of Phlius, and Michael J. Sandel.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1670, John Toland ranks 6. Before him are Augustus II the Strong, Giovanni Bononcini, Bernard Mandeville, Antonio Caldara, and Turlough O'Carolan. After him are Maria Margaretha Kirch, Countess Palatine Dorothea Sophie of Neuburg, Rajaram I, Louis Auguste, Duke of Maine, James FitzJames, 1st Duke of Berwick, and Gustav, Duke of Zweibrücken. Among people deceased in 1722, John Toland ranks 5. Before him are Kangxi Emperor, Elizabeth Charlotte, Madame Palatine, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, and Bartholomew Roberts. After him are Johann Kuhnau, Pierre Varignon, Johann Adam Reincken, Carl Gustav Rehnskiöld, Adriaen van der Werff, Marie Anne de La Trémoille, princesse des Ursins, and Claude Gillot.

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In Ireland

Among people born in Ireland, John Toland ranks 57 out of 549. Before him are Brendan Gleeson (1955), Brian Cowen (1960), John Flanagan (1873), Ernest Walton (1903), Turlough O'Carolan (1670), and Columba (521). After him are Terry Wogan (1938), Conor McGregor (1988), Alfred Harmsworth, 1st Viscount Northcliffe (1865), Bono (1960), Rory Gallagher (1948), and Maureen O'Hara (1920).

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Among PHILOSOPHERS In Ireland

Among philosophers born in Ireland, John Toland ranks 4. Before him are George Berkeley (1685), John Scotus Eriugena (810), and G. E. M. Anscombe (1919). After him are James Ussher (1581), William Thompson (1775), and Philip Pettit (1945).

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