PHILOSOPHER

Richard Avenarius

1843 - 1896

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Richard Ludwig Heinrich Avenarius (born Richard Habermann; 19 November 1843 – 18 August 1896) was a French-born German-Swiss philosopher. He formulated the radical positivist doctrine of "empirical criticism" or empirio-criticism. Read more on Wikipedia

His biography is available in different languages on Wikipedia. Richard Avenarius is the 389th most popular philosopher (down from 373rd in 2019), the 1,096th most popular biography from France (down from 1,060th in 2019) and the 53rd most popular French Philosopher.

Richard Avenarius is most famous for his work on the theory of knowledge. He argued that we cannot know the world as it really is, but we can only know the world as it appears to us.

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Among PHILOSOPHERS

Among philosophers, Richard Avenarius ranks 389 out of 1,267. Before him are Nicephorus Gregoras, Damascius, Boetius of Dacia, Ágnes Heller, Philo of Larissa, and Ban Zhao. After him are Guan Zhong, Shahab al-Din Yahya ibn Habash Suhrawardi, Haji Bektash Veli, Saadia Gaon, Archelaus, and A. S. Neill.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1843, Richard Avenarius ranks 18. Before him are Duchess Mathilde Ludovika in Bavaria, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Gabriel Tarde, Elisabeth of Wied, Colmar Freiherr von der Goltz, and Infanta Maria Anna of Portugal. After him are Benito Pérez Galdós, Nicholas Alexandrovich, Tsesarevich of Russia, Teófilo Braga, Walther Flemming, Hermann Schwarz, and Mariano Rampolla. Among people deceased in 1896, Richard Avenarius ranks 19. Before him are José Rizal, Harriet Beecher Stowe, H. H. Holmes, Naser al-Din Shah Qajar, Edmond de Goncourt, and Louis-Jules Trochu. After him are Ambroise Thomas, Prince Louis, Duke of Nemours, Prince Henry of Battenberg, George Washington Gale Ferris Jr., John Langdon Down, and Emil du Bois-Reymond.

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In France

Among people born in France, Richard Avenarius ranks 1,096 out of 6,770. Before him are Danielle Darrieux (1917), André-Hercule de Fleury (1653), Horace Vernet (1789), Léon Bonnat (1833), Alphonse Bertillon (1853), and Henriette of France (1727). After him are Ambroise Thomas (1811), Cécile Chaminade (1857), Julien Green (1900), Edmond Debeaumarché (1906), Michèle Morgan (1920), and Marie Duplessis (1824).

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Among PHILOSOPHERS In France

Among philosophers born in France, Richard Avenarius ranks 53. Before him are Maurice Halbwachs (1877), Étienne Cabet (1788), Pierre d'Ailly (1350), Hugues Felicité Robert de Lamennais (1782), Edgar Morin (1921), and Antoine Arnauld (1612). After him are Antoine Destutt de Tracy (1754), Jean Gerson (1363), Alain de Benoist (1943), Étienne Gilson (1884), Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples (1460), and Alain de Lille (1117).

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