PHYSICIST

Ludwig Boltzmann

1844 - 1906

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Ludwig Eduard Boltzmann ( BAWLTS-mahn or BOHLTS-muhn; German: [ˈluːtvɪç ˈeːduaʁt ˈbɔltsman]; 20 February 1844 – 5 September 1906) was an Austrian mathematician and theoretical physicist. His greatest achievements were the development of statistical mechanics and the statistical explanation of the second law of thermodynamics. In 1877 he provided the current definition of entropy, S = k B ln ⁡ Ω {\displaystyle S=k_{\rm {B}}\ln \Omega } , where Ω is the number of microstates whose energy equals the system's energy, interpreted as a measure of the statistical disorder of a system. Max Planck named the constant kB the Boltzmann constant. Read more on Wikipedia

His biography is available in different languages on Wikipedia. Ludwig Boltzmann is the 73rd most popular physicist (down from 58th in 2019), the 60th most popular biography from Austria (down from 55th in 2019) and the 4th most popular Austrian Physicist.

Ludwig Boltzmann is most famous for his kinetic theory of gases, which states that the kinetic energy of a gas is proportional to the number of molecules in the gas.

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Among PHYSICISTS

Among physicists, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 73 out of 851. Before him are Paul Dirac, Léon Foucault, Norman Foster Ramsey Jr., Philipp Lenard, Lev Landau, and Frédéric Joliot-Curie. After him are Max von Laue, Johannes Diderik van der Waals, Edward Teller, James Chadwick, Hermann von Helmholtz, and Christian Doppler.

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Contemporaries

Among people born in 1844, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 11. Before him are Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov, Paul Verlaine, Bernadette Soubirous, Mehmed V, Ilya Repin, and Henri Rousseau. After him are Menelik II, Umberto I of Italy, Alexandra of Denmark, Klas Pontus Arnoldson, Peter I of Serbia, and Friedrich Ratzel. Among people deceased in 1906, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 5. Before him are Paul Cézanne, Pierre Curie, Henrik Ibsen, and Christian IX of Denmark. After him are Élie Ducommun, Archduke Otto of Austria, Raja Ravi Varma, Samuel Pierpont Langley, Karl Robert Eduard von Hartmann, Susan B. Anthony, and Georgy Gapon.

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In Austria

Among people born in Austria, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 60 out of 1,424. Before him are Wolfgang Pauli (1900), Alois Hitler (1837), Ferdinand III, Holy Roman Emperor (1608), Maria Carolina of Austria (1752), Archduchess Sophie of Austria (1855), and Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor (1678). After him are Archduke Franz Karl of Austria (1802), Otto Skorzeny (1908), Róbert Bárány (1876), Prince Louis of Battenberg (1854), Amon Göth (1908), and Christian Doppler (1803).

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Among PHYSICISTS In Austria

Among physicists born in Austria, Ludwig Boltzmann ranks 4. Before him are Erwin Schrödinger (1887), Lise Meitner (1878), and Wolfgang Pauli (1900). After him are Christian Doppler (1803), Victor Francis Hess (1883), Victor Weisskopf (1908), Anton Zeilinger (1945), Walter Kohn (1923), Otto Robert Frisch (1904), Fritjof Capra (1939), and Berta Karlik (1904).

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